Ulwazi lwemishini yokushisela
Umbono wokuthuthukiswa kwezomshini wokushisela esikhathini esizayo ubhekwa njengowethemba.
1. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nedijithali, i-Internet of Things (IoT) kanye nokulawula ukude:
Gada imingcele yokushisela (amakhethini, amavoltheji, izinga lokushisa, njll.) ngesikhathi sangempela usebenzisa izinzwa, uhlanganise nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yamafu ukuze uthuthukise inqubo, usekele ukuqapha ukude kanye nezixwayiso zezinkinga.
2. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokulawula okuzivumelanisa nezimo:
Izindlela zobuhlakani bokwenziwa zingalungisa imingcele ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuya ngezinto ezishiseliwe kanye nemvelo, zinciphise ukungenelela komuntu futhi zithuthukise ukungaguquguquki kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela.
3. Ubuchwepheshe be-Digital Twin:
Linganisa inqubo yokushisela endaweni ebonakalayo, ubike izinkinga futhi uthuthukise imingcele yenqubo ukuze unciphise izindleko zokuzama nokuhluleka.
4. Imvelo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokonga amandla, umklamo wokusebenzisa amandla aphansi:
Sebenzisa izishintshi ze-high-frequency inverter kanye namadivayisi anamandla aphumelelayo (njenge-silicon carbide, i-gallium nitride) ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla nokuthuthukisa isilinganiso samandla.
5. Ukubuyiselwa kwegesi elingelona elibi kakhulu:
Thuthukisa izinqubo zokushisela ezine-spatter ephansi kanye nomusi ophansi, khuthaza amagesi angelona abangela umonakalo omkhulu (njengamagesi amasha ahlanganisiwe), futhi unciphise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
6. Ukugaywa kabusha kwezinto:
Thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokushisela obukhethekile bezinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe ukuze usekele umnotho oyindilinga.
7. Ukusebenza okuningi kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezinto, ukuhambisana kwezinqubo eziningi:
Iyunithi eyodwa isekela izindlela eziningi zokushisela, njenge-MAG/MIG/TIG/plasma, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zezinto kanye nezigameko.
8. Ukushisela izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu:
Thuthukisa imishini yokushisela nezinqubo ezikhethekile zezinto ezintsha ezifana ne-aluminum-lithium alloys, i-titanium alloys, insimbi enamandla aphezulu, njll., izinto ezihlanganisiwe.
9. Izicelo zemvelo ekugcineni:
Thuthukisa imishini ekhethekile yokushisela ekwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, imisebe, ngaphansi kwamanzi noma imvelo ye-vacuum (njengobuchwepheshe bokushisela esikhathini).
10. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-automation kanye ne-robotics, ama-robots abambisanayo (Cobots):
Ama-robots okushisela alula ahlanganiswe nokubambisana komuntu-nomshini athuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokuphepha, afanele ukukhiqizwa okuncane kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi.
11. Imigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele:
Hlanganisa nama-robots ezimboni kanye ne-Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) ukuze ufeze izinqubo zokushisela ezingenawo umuntu, ukuthwala nokuhlola.
12. Umbono we-3D kanye nokuhlelwa komzila:
Zitholele indawo yokushisela ngokusebenzisa ukuskena kwe-laser kanye nokubonwa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, umzila wokushisela wenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, unciphisa isikhathi sokuhlela.
13. Izidingo zemakethe zishukumisa izimoto ezintsha zamandla:
Ukwanda kwezidingo zokushisela izindlu zebhethri, izinjini kanye nemizimba yezimoto ezingalula kakhulu kuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushisela okunembayo okuphezulu kanye nokuhlanekezela okuphansi.
14. Amandla avuselelekayo:
Izidingo zokushisela izakhiwo ezinkulu ezifana namaloli omoya, izisekelo ze-photovoltaic kanye namathangi okugcina i-hydrogen ziyanda.
15. Imboni yezindiza kanye neyempi:
Izidingo zokushisela izinto ezinamandla aphezulu kanye nokushisela okunembayo kuthuthukisa imakethe yemishini yokushisela ephezulu.
16. Ukwakhiwa kanye nengqalasizinda:
Ukuduma kwezakhiwo ezakhiwe ngamamojula kanye namabhuloho ensimbi kuthuthukisa isidingo semishini yokushisela ephathekayo nenamandla.
17. Ukubambisana kwe-chain yokuhlinzeka:
Abakhiqizi bemishini yokushisela basebenzisana eduze nezinkampani zezinto zokwakha, izinzwa kanye ne-robotics ukudala imvelo yokushisela ehlakaniphile.
18. Imboni yemishini yokushisela izobonisa izitayela ezintathu ezinkulu: eziphakeme, ezihlakaniphile, nezilungele imvelo:
Isikhathi esifushane (iminyaka 3-5): Ukungena kwemishini yokushisela ehlakaniphile kuyanda, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-gas eyinhlanganisela buyathandwa.
Isikhathi esimaphakathi (iminyaka 5-10): Ama-robots okushisela aba yizinga lomkhakha, futhi ukushisela okuzivumelanisa nezimo kwe-AI kusetshenziswa kabanzi.
Isikhathi eside (iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10): Ukuphumelela kuzofezwa ezindaweni ezintsha ezifana nokushisela esikhathini kanye nokushisela izinto ezihambisana ne-biocompatible.
Isifinyezo
Ikusasa lemishini yokushisela kagesi libanzi, futhi ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezidingo zemakethe kuzobashukumisela ekubeni bahlakaniphe kakhulu, babe nekhono elingcono lemvelo, futhi basebenze kahle kakhulu. Izinkampani kudingeka zibambe amathuba e-Industry 4.0 kanye ne-carbon neutrality, ziqede izinkinga zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko, zigxile ezingeni lomhlaba kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabantu ukuze zithole inzuzo emncintiswaneni womhlaba.
Ukwenzeka kokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kwe-welding
Ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kwe-welding kuyenzeka ngokuphelele, futhi sekusetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zangempela.
1. Ukusetshenziswa kokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi ku-welding Ukudluliswa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela, ngokusebenzisa i-IoT network card, amarobhothi okuhlakaniphile okuhlanganisa angadlulisela idatha yesikhathi sangempela (njengamanje, amandla kagesi, isivinini sokuhlanganisa, njll.) lapho kuhlanganiswa efwini noma esikhungweni sedatha esibekiwe. Lolu data lusiza abaphathi ukuthi babheke isimo somsebenzi wamarobhothi akude futhi baqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa.
2. Ukuqapha nokulawula okukude, ngosizo lwe-IoT network card, abasebenzisi bangalawula amarobhothi okuhlanganisa akude ngokusebenzisa iziphetho, njengamafoni namakhompyutha, okwenza ukuthi ukuhlela nokulawulwa kwemisebenzi kube lula. Lokhu akugcini ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokusebenza endaweni.
3. Ukuxilongwa kwezinkinga kanye nezixwayiso, i-IoT network card isekela ukuxilongwa kwezinkinga ezikude kanye nemisebenzi yokuxwayisa. Lapho amarobhothi okuhlanganisa enezinkinga noma izimo ezingajwayelekile, uhlelo lungasabela ngokushesha futhi ludlulisele ulwazi lwezinkinga esiphethweni sabaphathi nge-IoT network card, ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo zokulungisa ngesikhathi.
4. Ukuhlela okuhlakaniphile nokwenza kahle, ngokusebenzisa i-IoT network card, amarobhothi amaningi okuhlanganisa angasebenza ngokubambisana, alungise ngokuzenzakalelayo isivinini somsebenzi nokwabiwa kwemisebenzi ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela zomugqa wokukhiqiza, ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ukusebenza kokukhiqiza.
5. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kokukhiqiza ngokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi ku-welding, i-IoT network card ivumela amarobhothi okuhlanganisa ukuthi adlulisele idatha yesikhathi sangempela futhi athole imiyalelo ekude, ukuze kufezeke ukuhlela okukhiqiza okusebenza kahle kakhudlwana nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi.
6. Ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa, ngokwesiko, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwamarobhothi okuhlanganisa kudinga ukusebenza mathupha endaweni, okuyinto edla isikhathi futhi idinga abasebenzi abaningi. Ngosizo lwe-IoT network card, abaphathi bangaxilonga izinkinga ezikude, bavuselele isofthiwe, futhi balungise ukucushwa kwamarobhothi, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa.
7. Ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha, i-IoT network card isekela imisebenzi yokuqapha nokulawula ekude, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenze futhi babheke amarobhothi okuhlanganisa ukusuka kubude obuphephile, kunciphisa ubungozi bokusebenza endaweni.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-CO2, i-MIG/MAG, ne-Pulse MIG/MAG
Umqondo nezigaba ze-Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) enomqeqeshi oncibilikayo
Indlela yokushisela nge-arc esebenzisa umqeqeshi oncibilikayo, igesi eyengeziwe njengomkhulumeli we-arc, futhi ivikela amaconsa ensimbi ancibilikile, i-weld pool, kanye nensimbi eshisayo endaweni yokushisela, ibizwa nge-Gas Metal Arc Welding enomqeqeshi oncibilikayo. Ngokuya ngezinto zocingo lokushisela kanye negesi yokuvikela, ingahlukaniswa izindlela ezilandelayo:
1. Ngokwezinhlobo zocingo lokushisela, kungahlukaniswa kube ukushisela ngocingo oluqinile kanye nokushisela ngocingo olune-flux.
Indlela yokushisela nge-arc esebenzisa ucingo oluqinile oluvikelwe igesi engathathi hlangothi (i-Ar noma i-He) ibizwa nge-MIG welding (Metal Inert Gas Arc Welding).
Ukushisela nge-arc okusebenzisa ucingo oluqinile oluvikelwe igesi exubile enothe nge-argon, ibizwa nge-MAG welding (Metal Active Gas Arc Welding).
Ukushisela nge-arc okusebenzisa ucingo oluqinile oluvikelwe igesi ye-CO2, ibizwa nge-CO2 welding.
Lapho kusetshenziswa ucingo olune-flux, ukushisela nge-arc okusebenzisa i-CO2 noma i-CO2+Ar njengegesi yokuvikela ibizwa nge-flux-cored wire gas shielded arc welding. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ingasebenzisi igesi yokuvikela, le ndlela ibizwa nge-self-shielded arc welding.
2. Umehluko phakathi kwe-MIG/MAG welding evamile kanye ne-CO2 welding.
Izici ze-CO2 welding ukuthi ingabizi futhi inokukhiqiza okuphezulu, kodwa inezinkinga zokufafaza okuningi kanye nokwakheka okubi, ngakho-ke ezinye izinqubo zokushisela zisebenzisa i-MIG/MAG welding evamile.
I-MIG/MAG welding evamile iyindlela yokushisela nge-arc evikelwe igesi engathathi hlangothi noma igesi enothe nge-argon, kanti i-CO2 welding inokubola okunamandla, lokhu kunquma umehluko nezici zazo zombili.
3. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-MIG/MAG welding uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CO2 welding.
Ukufafaza kuncishiswe ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwegesi ye-argon noma enothe nge-argon, i-arc yokushisela izinzile. Hhayi kuphela ukuthi i-arc izinzile ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kweconsi kanye nokudluliswa komjovo, kodwa futhi nasezimweni zokudluliswa kwe-short-circuit ku-MAG welding encane, isivinini sokudluliswa kwe-arc sivame ukuba sincane, ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekisa ukuncishiswa kokufafaza ku-MIG/MAG welding short-circuit transition ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu.
Ukwakheka kwe-weld kuyafana futhi kuhle. Ngenxa yokuthi ukudluliswa kweconsi ku-MIG/MAG welding kuyahambisana, kuyancane, futhi kuzinzile, ukwakheka kwe-weld kuyahambisana futhi kuhle.
Kungashisela izinsimbi eziningi ezisebenzayo nama-alloys azo. Umoya we-arc awuboli kakhulu, noma awuboli nhlobo. I-MIG/MAG welding ayikwazi ukushisela kuphela insimbi ye-carbon, insimbi ye-high-alloy, kodwa futhi ingashisela izinsimbi eziningi ezisebenzayo nama-alloys azo, njenge: i-aluminium nama-alloys ayo, insimbi engagqwali nama-alloys ayo, i-magnesium nama-alloys ayo, njll., okwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-welding, ikhwalithi yokushisela, kanye nokukhiqiza.
4. Umehluko phakathi kwe-Pulse MIG/MAG welding kanye ne-MIG/MAG welding evamile.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokudluliswa kweconsi ku-MIG/MAG welding evamile ukudluliswa komjovo ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nokudluliswa kwe-short-circuit ngesivinini esincane. Ngakho-ke, isivinini esincane sisenezinkinga zokufafaza okuningi nokwakheka okubi, ikakhulukazi ezinye izinsimbi ezisebenzayo azikwazi ukushisela ngesivinini esincane njenge-aluminium nama-alloys, insimbi engagqwali, njll. Ngakho-ke, kwavela i-Pulse MIG/MAG welding, lapho isici sokudluliswa kweconsi ukuthi isivinini ngasinye siyadlulisela elinye ilanga. Ngokuyisisekelo, lokhu ukudluliswa kweconsi.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokudluliswa kweconsi ku-Pulse MIG/MAG welding ukuthi isivinini ngasinye sidlulisela elinye ilanga. Ngale ndlela, ngokulungisa imvamisa yesivinini, inombolo yamaconsa adluliswa ngomzuzwana ingashintshwa, okungukuthi, isivinini sokuncibilika kocingo. Ngenxa yokudluliswa kweconsi elilodwa nge-pulse ngayinye, ububanzi beconsi cishe buyafana nobubanzi bocingo, ngakho-ke ukushisa kwe-arc kweconsi kuba ngaphansi, okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa leconsi liphansi (uma kuqhathaniswa nokudluliswa komjovo nokudluliswa kweconsi elikhulu). Ngakho-ke, isivinini sokuncibilika kocingo siyanda, okungukuthi, ukusebenza kokuncibilika kocingo kuyanda. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa leconsi liphansi, intuthu yokushisela iba ngaphansi. Ngale ndlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulahleka kwezinto ze-alloy kuncishiswa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imvelo yokwakha iyathuthuka. Ukufafaza kokushisela kuba ngaphansi, noma kungabi khona neze ukufafaza. I-arc inokubhekiswa okuhle, ilungele ukushisela kuzo zonke izikhundla. Ukwakheka kwe-weld kuhle, ububanzi bokuncibilika bukhulu, isici sokujula okufana nezinzwane siyancipha, futhi ukuphakama okusele kuba ngaphansi. Kungashisela kahle izinsimbi ezisebenzayo (njenge-aluminium nama-alloys ayo) ngesivinini esincane. Kwandisa ububanzi besivinini sokusetshenziswa kwe-MIG/MAG welding jet transition. Ngesikhathi sokushisela kwe-pulse, isivinini sokushisela singasetshenziswa kusukela eduze kwesivinini esibucayi sokudluliswa komjovo kuya kusivinini esikhulu samashumi ambalwa amperes, lapho ukudluliswa kweconsi okuzinzile kungafinyelelwa.
5. Kusukela kulokhu okungenhla, singabona izici nezinzuzo ze-Pulse MIG/MAG. Kodwa-ke, akukho lutho oluphelele. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-MIG/MAG evamile, ukushiyeka kwayo kulandelayo:
Ukukhiqiza okujwayelekile kokushisela kuvame ukuzwakala kancane.
Kufuna izinga eliphezulu labasebenzi bokushisela.
Okwamanje, izindleko zemishini yokushisela ziphakeme.
6. Ukukhethwa kwe-Pulse MIG/MAG welding kunqunywa ikakhulukazi izidingo zenqubo yokushisela. Ukushisela okulandelayo kufanele kusetshenziswe i-Pulse MIG/MAG welding.
Izinhlobo zensimbi ye-carbon, lapho kudingeka khona ikhwalithi ephezulu nokubukeka kwe-weld, ikakhulukazi embonini yezitsha zengcindezi, njengezimbiza, izishintshi ezishisayo zamakhemikhali, izishintshi ezishisayo ze-air conditioning, kanye ne-volute yama-turbines embonini yamandla emvula, njll.
Izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali, lapho kusetshenziswa isivinini esincane (ngaphansi kuka-200A) futhi kudingeka khona ikhwalithi ephezulu nokubukeka kwe-weld, njengezithuthuthu, izitsha zengcindezi embonini yamachemikhali, njll.
I-aluminium nama-alloys ayo, lapho kusetshenziswa isivinini esincane (ngaphansi kuka-200A) futhi kudingeka khona ikhwalithi ephezulu nokubukeka kwe-weld, njengezithuthuthu ezihambayo, izishintshi zengcindezi ephezulu, izimboni ze-air separation, njll.
Ithusi nama-alloys ayo, ithusi nama-alloys ayo ngokuyisisekelo asebenzisa i-Pulse MIG/MAG welding (ngaphakathi kobubanzi be-gas-shielded arc welding enomqeqeshi oncibilikayo).
Izinzuzo nezingozi zokushisela nge-MIG
I-MIG welding (ukugcoba nge-inert gas eshukumayo) iyindlela esebenzisa intambo yokugcoba eqhubekayo njenge-electrode, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa igesi engasebenzi (njenge-argon noma i-helium), ukuncibilikisa intambo nezinto eziyinhloko ngokusebenzisa i-arc eyakhiwa phakathi kwe-welding gun nozzle nomsebenzi, ukuze kufezeke ukuxhunyaniswa kwezinsimbi. Ngesikhathi se-MIG welding, igesi yokuvikela ivimbela umoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen emoyeni ukuthi kungangeni endaweni yokugcoba, iqinisekise ikhwalithi yokugcoba.
1. Isimiso esiyisisekelo se-MIG welding
Isimiso esiyisisekelo se-MIG welding ukuncibilikisa intambo nezinto eziyinhloko ngokusebenzisa i-arc eyakhiwa phakathi kwe-welding gun nozzle nomsebenzi. Igesi yokuvikela (ngokuvamile igesi engasebenzi) ihlanganisa indawo yokugcoba, ivimbela ukubola nokubola kwe-nitrogen, iqinisekise ikhwalithi ye-weld. Intambo iqhubeka nokudluliswa ngomshini wokudlulisa intambo, incibilika kanye nezinto eziyinhloko ukwakha i-weld.
2. Izici ze-MIG welding
Inqubo yokugcoba izinzile: I-arc ye-MIG welding izinzile, futhi akukho ukuchaphaza okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokugcoba, futhi ukwakheka kwe-weld kuhle.
Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu: Kusetshenziswa intambo eqhubeka nokudluliswa, isivinini sokugcoba siyashesha, futhi ukukhiqiza okuphezulu.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okunamandla: Kungagcobisa izinsimbi ezinezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene nobukhulu nezinto ezahlukene, futhi amandla okuxhuma okugcobi aphezulu, futhi ikhwalithi ithembekile.
Ukusebenza okulula: Imishini ilula kakhulu, futhi kulula ukuyiqonda.
Ikhwalithi yokugcoba enhle: Igesi yokuvikela inciphisa ukubola nokubola kwe-nitrogen ngesikhathi sokugcoba, iqinisekisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nokusebenza komshini kwe-weld.
Ukuhlanekezela okuncane kokugcoba: Okokufaka okushisayo kungaphansi, futhi ukuhlanekezela komsebenzi kungaphansi.
Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinto: Intambo eqhubeka nokudluliswa isetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi ukuchitha izinto kungaphansi.
3. Izimo zokusebenzisa i-MIG welding
I-MIG welding isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zensimbi, futhi ifanelekele ikakhulukazi ekwenzeni izimoto, ukwakha imikhumbi, izakhiwo zezakhiwo, njll. Ngenxa yezici zayo eziphumelelayo nezizinzile, i-MIG welding idlala indima ebalulekile kulezi zindawo.
Izinzuzo Nezinzuzo ze-MAG Welding Machine
I-MAG Welding (Metal Active Gas Welding) yindlela ejwayelekile yokushisela nge-arc, esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokukhiqiza, ukulungiswa kwezimoto, ezokwakha, nezinye izindawo.
1. Isisekelo se-MAG Welding
Incazelo: I-MAG Welding isebenzisa igesi esebenzayo (njenge-CO₂ noma igesi exubile) njengendawo yokuvikela, ngokusebenzisa i-arc ukuncibilikisa intambo yokushisela nensimbi eyinhloko ukuze kuxhunyaniswe izinsimbi.
Umehluko ne-MIG: I-MIG (Inert Gas Shielded Welding) isebenzisa igesi engasebenzi (njenge-argon, i-helium), kanti i-MAG isebenzisa igesi esebenzayo (njenge-CO₂ noma i-Ar+CO₂ exubile), igesi esebenzayo ibamba iqhaza ekuphekeni kwensimbi, ilungele ukushisela insimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi ye-low-alloy, njll.
2. Izingxenye ze-MAG Welding Machine
Ukuphakela Amandla: Kuhlinzeka ngamandla acwebileyo noma apulisiweyo.
Uhlelo Lokudlulisa Intambo: Ludlulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo intambo yokushisela (intambo eqinile noma eyenziwe ngomgodi).
Isibhamu Sokushisela: Sidlulisa ugesi, igesi yokuvikela, nentambo yokushisela.
Isilinda Segesi kanye Nesilawuli: Kuhlinzeka futhi kulawula ukugeleza kwegesi yokuvikela.
Uhlelo Lokulawula: Kulungisa amapharamitha okushisela (amandla, amandla kagesi, isivinini sokudlulisa intambo, njll.).
3. Inqubo Yokusebenza
Ukwakheka kwe-Arc: Intambo yokushisela ithinta umsebenzi ukuze yakhe i-arc, yakhe ichibi elishisayo.
Ukuvikelwa NgokweGesi: Igesi esebenzayo iphuma kumphimbo wesibhamu sokushisela, ivimbele umoya, ivimbele ukugqwala.
Ukudluliswa Kwamaconsi: Ngemuva kokuncibilika, intambo yokushisela ingena echibini lokuncibilika ngezindlela ezifana nokudluliswa okufushane, ukudluliswa okubanzi.
4. Izici ze-MAG Welding
Izinzuzo:
Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu: Ukudluliswa okuqhubekayo kwentambo, kulungele ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuphezulu: Izinto eziningi zingashiselwa (insimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi ye-alloy, njll.).
Ikhwalithi enhle yokushisela: Ukungena okujulile, ukufafaza okulawulwayo (ikakhulukazi igesi exubile).
Izindleko eziphansi: Amagesi asebenzayo (njenge-CO₂) angabizi kakhulu kunamagesi angasebenzi.
Ukungalungi:
Ukuzwela emoyeni: Kudingeka ukuthi kusebenze endaweni engenamoya.
Ukufafaza okuningi (lapho kusetshenziswa igesi eyodwa ye-CO₂).
5. Izindawo Zokusebenzisa
Ukukhiqiza: Ukushisela imizimba yezimoto, izingxenye zezakhiwo zemishini.
Ukwakha: Ukushisela izakhiwo zensimbi, amabhuloho, nemibhobho.
Imikhumbi Nezinsimbi Ezisindayo: Ukushisela izindonga ezijiyile.
Ukulungisa: Ukulungisa imishini, izimoto.
6. Ukukhethwa Kwegesi Yokuvikela
Igesi ye-CO₂ ehlanzekile: Izindleko eziphansi, ilungele insimbi yekhabhoni, kodwa ukufafaza kuningi.
Igesi exubile (njenge-Ar+CO₂ 80/20 noma i-Ar+O₂): Yehlisa ukufafaza, ithuthukise ukwakheka komthungo wokushisela.
Ilungele ukushisela okufunwa kakhulu ikhwalithi (njenge-stainless steel, izindonga ezincane).
7. Amanothi Okusebenza
Izinyathelo Zokuvikela: Gqoka isigqoko sokushisela, amagilavu, ukuvimbela ukukhanya kwe-arc nokufafaza.
Ukuhlolwa Kwamagesi: Qinisekisa ukuthi ingcindezi yesilinda segesi yanele, nokuthi ubumsulwa begesi bufinyelela amazinga.
Ukulungiswa Kwamapharamitha: Lungisa amandla, amandla kagesi ngokuya ngobukhulu bezinto kanye nobubanzi bentambo yokushisela.
Ukuhlanza Umsebenzi: Susa uwoyela, izimpawu zokugqwala ngaphambi kokushisela, ukuze ugweme izimbobo.
Ukugcinwa: Hlanza njalo umphimbo wesibhamu sokushisela, hlola umgodi wokudlulisa intambo.
8. Izinkinga Ezijwayelekile Nokuxazululwa Kwazo
Izimbobo: Hlola ukugeleza kwegesi, ubumsulwa, noma ubumsulwa bomsebenzi.
Ukufafaza Okuningi: Lungisa ukufaniswa kwamandla kagesi/amandla, sebenzisa igesi exubile.
I-Arc Engazinzile: Hlola ukuthi intambo yokushisela iyadlulisa yini kahle noma ukuthi ukuxhumana komhlaba kuhle yini.
Ukunamathela Kwentambo Yokushisela: Lungisa isivinini sokudlulisa intambo noma isimo sokuxhumana.
9. Izincomo Zokukhetha
Uhlobo Lwezinto: Khetha i-CO₂ noma i-Ar+CO₂ yensimbi yekhabhoni, khetha i-Ar+O₂ exubile yensimbi engagqwali.
Ubukhulu Bokushisela: Izindonga ezincane (0.6-3mm) zisebenzisa ukudluliswa okufushane, izindonga ezijiyile zisebenzisa ukudluliswa okubanzi.
Izidingo Zesimo: Khetha imodeli enembayo ephezulu yokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo, khetha eyokuphathwa ezindaweni zokulungisa.
Isifinyezo
I-MAG Welding Machine, ngenxa yezici zayo ezisebenza kahle neziyaguquguqukayo, isibe ngesinye sezindlela ezidumile zokushisela zesimanje. Ukwazi izimiso zayo, ukukhethwa kwegesi, namasu okusebenza kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kokushisela. Ekusebenziseni kwangempela, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa izici zezinto nezidingo zenqubo, ukulungisa amapharamitha nokucushwa kwemishini ngokufanele.
Indlela eyisisekelo yokusebenzisa umshini wokushisela
Izindlela zokusebenzisa umshini wokushisela zihlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
1. Xhuma ugesi: Xhuma umshini wokushisela kugesi, vula iswishi bese uvula isivalo somshini.
2. Lungisa izinto zokushisela: Faka intambo yokushisela enesikhungo, uyenze iqonde bese uyifaka kutubha yokudlulisela intambo, bese uyifaka kumshini wokudlulisela intambo, lungisa intambo ukuze iphume ngo-2-3 cm, bese uqondisa isibhamu sokushisela entanjeni bese ulungisa kancane i-engile.
3. Lungisa izilungiselelo: Xhuma iswishi yesibhamu sokushisela kanye ne-ground wire, khetha imodi yokushisela efanele, bese ulungisa ugesi, lapho ushisela amashidi amancane, yehlisa ugesi, kanti kumashidi amakhulu, yandisa ugesi.
4. Qala ukushisela: Cindezela iswishi ebomvu yesibhamu sokushisela, umshini uzoqala ukudlulisela intambo, lungisa intambo ukuze iphume ngo-0.5-1 cm, sebenzisa i-clip yocingo ukulungisa izinto zokushisela, bese ushisela amachashaza noma ushele.
5. Ipharamitha ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe zomshini wokushisela zihlanganisa:
I-voltage yokufaka enokulinganiselwa: I-voltage yokufaka enokulinganiselwa komshini wokushisela kufanele ihambisane nemithetho yomshini, ngokuvamile 220-380 volts.
Ugesi ophumayo enokulinganiselwa: Ububanzi bugesi ophumayo bomshini wokushisela buyehluka ngemodeli, ngokuvamile kusuka kumashumi ambalwa ama-ampere kuya kumakhulu ambalwa ama-ampere.
I-voltage yokushisela: I-voltage yokushisela yomshini wokushisela ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-20-40 volts, inani eliqondile lincike ohlotsheni lokushisela nezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Amandla: Amandla omshini wokushisela ngokuvamile asuka ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zama-kilowatt kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zama-kilowatt, amandla amakhulu, amandla okushisela ayakhuphuka.
6. Izinga lokuvikela ukushisa: Izinga lokuvikela ukushisa komshini wokushisela lichaza ukuphepha nokuhlala kwawo isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile izinga le-B noma i-F.
7. Indlela yokupholisa: Izindlela zokupholisa zomshini wokushisela zimbili, ukupholisa ngomoya nokupholisa ngamanzi, ukupholisa ngomoya kufaneleka emishini yokushisela emincane, ukupholisa ngamanzi kufaneleka emishini yokushisela enkulu.
8. Imigomo yokusebenza ngokuphepha:
Izinyathelo zokuvikela: Umshini wokushisela kufanele ubekwe endaweni eyomile, evikela ukushisa, futhi evikela ilanga, lapho usebenza ngaphandle, kufanele kube khona indawo yokukhosela evikela imvula, umswakama, nelanga.
 > Ukuvimbela umlilo nokuqhuma: Ngaphakathi kwamamitha angu-10 endaweni yokushisela, akumele kube nezinto ezivutha kalula noma eziqhumayo, futhi kufanele kube nemishini yokucisha umlilo.
 > Ukuxhuma emhlabeni: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-ground wire yomshini wokushisela iphephile, futhi akumele ibekwe ezintweni ezivutha kalula, eziqhumayo, noma ezishisayo.
 > Ukugqoka izinto zokuzivikela: Abasebenzi kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela njengoba kudingeka, ukuze bagweme izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi, ukuwa okuphakeme, njalo njalo.
Umbono wokuthuthukiswa kwezomshini wokushisela esikhathini esizayo ubhekwa njengowethemba.
1. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nedijithali, i-Internet of Things (IoT) kanye nokulawula ukude:
Gada imingcele yokushisela (amakhethini, amavoltheji, izinga lokushisa, njll.) ngesikhathi sangempela usebenzisa izinzwa, uhlanganise nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yamafu ukuze uthuthukise inqubo, usekele ukuqapha ukude kanye nezixwayiso zezinkinga.
2. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokulawula okuzivumelanisa nezimo:
Izindlela zobuhlakani bokwenziwa zingalungisa imingcele ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuya ngezinto ezishiseliwe kanye nemvelo, zinciphise ukungenelela komuntu futhi zithuthukise ukungaguquguquki kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela.
3. Ubuchwepheshe be-Digital Twin:
Linganisa inqubo yokushisela endaweni ebonakalayo, ubike izinkinga futhi uthuthukise imingcele yenqubo ukuze unciphise izindleko zokuzama nokuhluleka.
4. Imvelo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokonga amandla, umklamo wokusebenzisa amandla aphansi:
Sebenzisa izishintshi ze-high-frequency inverter kanye namadivayisi anamandla aphumelelayo (njenge-silicon carbide, i-gallium nitride) ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla nokuthuthukisa isilinganiso samandla.
5. Ukubuyiselwa kwegesi elingelona elibi kakhulu:
Thuthukisa izinqubo zokushisela ezine-spatter ephansi kanye nomusi ophansi, khuthaza amagesi angelona abangela umonakalo omkhulu (njengamagesi amasha ahlanganisiwe), futhi unciphise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
6. Ukugaywa kabusha kwezinto:
Thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokushisela obukhethekile bezinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe ukuze usekele umnotho oyindilinga.
7. Ukusebenza okuningi kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezinto, ukuhambisana kwezinqubo eziningi:
Iyunithi eyodwa isekela izindlela eziningi zokushisela, njenge-MAG/MIG/TIG/plasma, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zezinto kanye nezigameko.
8. Ukushisela izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu:
Thuthukisa imishini yokushisela nezinqubo ezikhethekile zezinto ezintsha ezifana ne-aluminum-lithium alloys, i-titanium alloys, insimbi enamandla aphezulu, njll., izinto ezihlanganisiwe.
9. Izicelo zemvelo ekugcineni:
Thuthukisa imishini ekhethekile yokushisela ekwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, imisebe, ngaphansi kwamanzi noma imvelo ye-vacuum (njengobuchwepheshe bokushisela esikhathini).
10. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-automation kanye ne-robotics, ama-robots abambisanayo (Cobots):
Ama-robots okushisela alula ahlanganiswe nokubambisana komuntu-nomshini athuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokuphepha, afanele ukukhiqizwa okuncane kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi.
11. Imigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele:
Hlanganisa nama-robots ezimboni kanye ne-Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) ukuze ufeze izinqubo zokushisela ezingenawo umuntu, ukuthwala nokuhlola.
12. Umbono we-3D kanye nokuhlelwa komzila:
Zitholele indawo yokushisela ngokusebenzisa ukuskena kwe-laser kanye nokubonwa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, umzila wokushisela wenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, unciphisa isikhathi sokuhlela.
13. Izidingo zemakethe zishukumisa izimoto ezintsha zamandla:
Ukwanda kwezidingo zokushisela izindlu zebhethri, izinjini kanye nemizimba yezimoto ezingalula kakhulu kuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushisela okunembayo okuphezulu kanye nokuhlanekezela okuphansi.
14. Amandla avuselelekayo:
Izidingo zokushisela izakhiwo ezinkulu ezifana namaloli omoya, izisekelo ze-photovoltaic kanye namathangi okugcina i-hydrogen ziyanda.
15. Imboni yezindiza kanye neyempi:
Izidingo zokushisela izinto ezinamandla aphezulu kanye nokushisela okunembayo kuthuthukisa imakethe yemishini yokushisela ephezulu.
16. Ukwakhiwa kanye nengqalasizinda:
Ukuduma kwezakhiwo ezakhiwe ngamamojula kanye namabhuloho ensimbi kuthuthukisa isidingo semishini yokushisela ephathekayo nenamandla.
17. Ukubambisana kwe-chain yokuhlinzeka:
Abakhiqizi bemishini yokushisela basebenzisana eduze nezinkampani zezinto zokwakha, izinzwa kanye ne-robotics ukudala imvelo yokushisela ehlakaniphile.
18. Imboni yemishini yokushisela izobonisa izitayela ezintathu ezinkulu: eziphakeme, ezihlakaniphile, nezilungele imvelo:
Isikhathi esifushane (iminyaka 3-5): Ukungena kwemishini yokushisela ehlakaniphile kuyanda, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-gas eyinhlanganisela buyathandwa.
Isikhathi esimaphakathi (iminyaka 5-10): Ama-robots okushisela aba yizinga lomkhakha, futhi ukushisela okuzivumelanisa nezimo kwe-AI kusetshenziswa kabanzi.
Isikhathi eside (iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10): Ukuphumelela kuzofezwa ezindaweni ezintsha ezifana nokushisela esikhathini kanye nokushisela izinto ezihambisana ne-biocompatible.
Isifinyezo
Ikusasa lemishini yokushisela kagesi libanzi, futhi ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezidingo zemakethe kuzobashukumisela ekubeni bahlakaniphe kakhulu, babe nekhono elingcono lemvelo, futhi basebenze kahle kakhulu. Izinkampani kudingeka zibambe amathuba e-Industry 4.0 kanye ne-carbon neutrality, ziqede izinkinga zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko, zigxile ezingeni lomhlaba kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabantu ukuze zithole inzuzo emncintiswaneni womhlaba.
Ukwenzeka kokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kwe-welding
Ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kwe-welding kuyenzeka ngokuphelele, futhi sekusetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zangempela.
1. Ukusetshenziswa kokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi ku-welding Ukudluliswa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela, ngokusebenzisa i-IoT network card, amarobhothi okuhlakaniphile okuhlanganisa angadlulisela idatha yesikhathi sangempela (njengamanje, amandla kagesi, isivinini sokuhlanganisa, njll.) lapho kuhlanganiswa efwini noma esikhungweni sedatha esibekiwe. Lolu data lusiza abaphathi ukuthi babheke isimo somsebenzi wamarobhothi akude futhi baqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa.
2. Ukuqapha nokulawula okukude, ngosizo lwe-IoT network card, abasebenzisi bangalawula amarobhothi okuhlanganisa akude ngokusebenzisa iziphetho, njengamafoni namakhompyutha, okwenza ukuthi ukuhlela nokulawulwa kwemisebenzi kube lula. Lokhu akugcini ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokusebenza endaweni.
3. Ukuxilongwa kwezinkinga kanye nezixwayiso, i-IoT network card isekela ukuxilongwa kwezinkinga ezikude kanye nemisebenzi yokuxwayisa. Lapho amarobhothi okuhlanganisa enezinkinga noma izimo ezingajwayelekile, uhlelo lungasabela ngokushesha futhi ludlulisele ulwazi lwezinkinga esiphethweni sabaphathi nge-IoT network card, ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo zokulungisa ngesikhathi.
4. Ukuhlela okuhlakaniphile nokwenza kahle, ngokusebenzisa i-IoT network card, amarobhothi amaningi okuhlanganisa angasebenza ngokubambisana, alungise ngokuzenzakalelayo isivinini somsebenzi nokwabiwa kwemisebenzi ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela zomugqa wokukhiqiza, ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ukusebenza kokukhiqiza.
5. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kokukhiqiza ngokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi ku-welding, i-IoT network card ivumela amarobhothi okuhlanganisa ukuthi adlulisele idatha yesikhathi sangempela futhi athole imiyalelo ekude, ukuze kufezeke ukuhlela okukhiqiza okusebenza kahle kakhudlwana nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi.
6. Ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa, ngokwesiko, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwamarobhothi okuhlanganisa kudinga ukusebenza mathupha endaweni, okuyinto edla isikhathi futhi idinga abasebenzi abaningi. Ngosizo lwe-IoT network card, abaphathi bangaxilonga izinkinga ezikude, bavuselele isofthiwe, futhi balungise ukucushwa kwamarobhothi, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa.
7. Ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha, i-IoT network card isekela imisebenzi yokuqapha nokulawula ekude, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenze futhi babheke amarobhothi okuhlanganisa ukusuka kubude obuphephile, kunciphisa ubungozi bokusebenza endaweni.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-CO2, i-MIG/MAG, ne-Pulse MIG/MAG
Umqondo nezigaba ze-Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) enomqeqeshi oncibilikayo
Indlela yokushisela nge-arc esebenzisa umqeqeshi oncibilikayo, igesi eyengeziwe njengomkhulumeli we-arc, futhi ivikela amaconsa ensimbi ancibilikile, i-weld pool, kanye nensimbi eshisayo endaweni yokushisela, ibizwa nge-Gas Metal Arc Welding enomqeqeshi oncibilikayo. Ngokuya ngezinto zocingo lokushisela kanye negesi yokuvikela, ingahlukaniswa izindlela ezilandelayo:
1. Ngokwezinhlobo zocingo lokushisela, kungahlukaniswa kube ukushisela ngocingo oluqinile kanye nokushisela ngocingo olune-flux.
Indlela yokushisela nge-arc esebenzisa ucingo oluqinile oluvikelwe igesi engathathi hlangothi (i-Ar noma i-He) ibizwa nge-MIG welding (Metal Inert Gas Arc Welding).
Ukushisela nge-arc okusebenzisa ucingo oluqinile oluvikelwe igesi exubile enothe nge-argon, ibizwa nge-MAG welding (Metal Active Gas Arc Welding).
Ukushisela nge-arc okusebenzisa ucingo oluqinile oluvikelwe igesi ye-CO2, ibizwa nge-CO2 welding.
Lapho kusetshenziswa ucingo olune-flux, ukushisela nge-arc okusebenzisa i-CO2 noma i-CO2+Ar njengegesi yokuvikela ibizwa nge-flux-cored wire gas shielded arc welding. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ingasebenzisi igesi yokuvikela, le ndlela ibizwa nge-self-shielded arc welding.
2. Umehluko phakathi kwe-MIG/MAG welding evamile kanye ne-CO2 welding.
Izici ze-CO2 welding ukuthi ingabizi futhi inokukhiqiza okuphezulu, kodwa inezinkinga zokufafaza okuningi kanye nokwakheka okubi, ngakho-ke ezinye izinqubo zokushisela zisebenzisa i-MIG/MAG welding evamile.
I-MIG/MAG welding evamile iyindlela yokushisela nge-arc evikelwe igesi engathathi hlangothi noma igesi enothe nge-argon, kanti i-CO2 welding inokubola okunamandla, lokhu kunquma umehluko nezici zazo zombili.
3. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-MIG/MAG welding uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CO2 welding.
Ukufafaza kuncishiswe ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwegesi ye-argon noma enothe nge-argon, i-arc yokushisela izinzile. Hhayi kuphela ukuthi i-arc izinzile ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kweconsi kanye nokudluliswa komjovo, kodwa futhi nasezimweni zokudluliswa kwe-short-circuit ku-MAG welding encane, isivinini sokudluliswa kwe-arc sivame ukuba sincane, ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekisa ukuncishiswa kokufafaza ku-MIG/MAG welding short-circuit transition ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu.
Ukwakheka kwe-weld kuyafana futhi kuhle. Ngenxa yokuthi ukudluliswa kweconsi ku-MIG/MAG welding kuyahambisana, kuyancane, futhi kuzinzile, ukwakheka kwe-weld kuyahambisana futhi kuhle.
Kungashisela izinsimbi eziningi ezisebenzayo nama-alloys azo. Umoya we-arc awuboli kakhulu, noma awuboli nhlobo. I-MIG/MAG welding ayikwazi ukushisela kuphela insimbi ye-carbon, insimbi ye-high-alloy, kodwa futhi ingashisela izinsimbi eziningi ezisebenzayo nama-alloys azo, njenge: i-aluminium nama-alloys ayo, insimbi engagqwali nama-alloys ayo, i-magnesium nama-alloys ayo, njll., okwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-welding, ikhwalithi yokushisela, kanye nokukhiqiza.
4. Umehluko phakathi kwe-Pulse MIG/MAG welding kanye ne-MIG/MAG welding evamile.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokudluliswa kweconsi ku-MIG/MAG welding evamile ukudluliswa komjovo ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nokudluliswa kwe-short-circuit ngesivinini esincane. Ngakho-ke, isivinini esincane sisenezinkinga zokufafaza okuningi nokwakheka okubi, ikakhulukazi ezinye izinsimbi ezisebenzayo azikwazi ukushisela ngesivinini esincane njenge-aluminium nama-alloys, insimbi engagqwali, njll. Ngakho-ke, kwavela i-Pulse MIG/MAG welding, lapho isici sokudluliswa kweconsi ukuthi isivinini ngasinye siyadlulisela elinye ilanga. Ngokuyisisekelo, lokhu ukudluliswa kweconsi.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokudluliswa kweconsi ku-Pulse MIG/MAG welding ukuthi isivinini ngasinye sidlulisela elinye ilanga. Ngale ndlela, ngokulungisa imvamisa yesivinini, inombolo yamaconsa adluliswa ngomzuzwana ingashintshwa, okungukuthi, isivinini sokuncibilika kocingo. Ngenxa yokudluliswa kweconsi elilodwa nge-pulse ngayinye, ububanzi beconsi cishe buyafana nobubanzi bocingo, ngakho-ke ukushisa kwe-arc kweconsi kuba ngaphansi, okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa leconsi liphansi (uma kuqhathaniswa nokudluliswa komjovo nokudluliswa kweconsi elikhulu). Ngakho-ke, isivinini sokuncibilika kocingo siyanda, okungukuthi, ukusebenza kokuncibilika kocingo kuyanda. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa leconsi liphansi, intuthu yokushisela iba ngaphansi. Ngale ndlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulahleka kwezinto ze-alloy kuncishiswa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imvelo yokwakha iyathuthuka. Ukufafaza kokushisela kuba ngaphansi, noma kungabi khona neze ukufafaza. I-arc inokubhekiswa okuhle, ilungele ukushisela kuzo zonke izikhundla. Ukwakheka kwe-weld kuhle, ububanzi bokuncibilika bukhulu, isici sokujula okufana nezinzwane siyancipha, futhi ukuphakama okusele kuba ngaphansi. Kungashisela kahle izinsimbi ezisebenzayo (njenge-aluminium nama-alloys ayo) ngesivinini esincane. Kwandisa ububanzi besivinini sokusetshenziswa kwe-MIG/MAG welding jet transition. Ngesikhathi sokushisela kwe-pulse, isivinini sokushisela singasetshenziswa kusukela eduze kwesivinini esibucayi sokudluliswa komjovo kuya kusivinini esikhulu samashumi ambalwa amperes, lapho ukudluliswa kweconsi okuzinzile kungafinyelelwa.
5. Kusukela kulokhu okungenhla, singabona izici nezinzuzo ze-Pulse MIG/MAG. Kodwa-ke, akukho lutho oluphelele. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-MIG/MAG evamile, ukushiyeka kwayo kulandelayo:
Ukukhiqiza okujwayelekile kokushisela kuvame ukuzwakala kancane.
Kufuna izinga eliphezulu labasebenzi bokushisela.
Okwamanje, izindleko zemishini yokushisela ziphakeme.
6. Ukukhethwa kwe-Pulse MIG/MAG welding kunqunywa ikakhulukazi izidingo zenqubo yokushisela. Ukushisela okulandelayo kufanele kusetshenziswe i-Pulse MIG/MAG welding.
Izinhlobo zensimbi ye-carbon, lapho kudingeka khona ikhwalithi ephezulu nokubukeka kwe-weld, ikakhulukazi embonini yezitsha zengcindezi, njengezimbiza, izishintshi ezishisayo zamakhemikhali, izishintshi ezishisayo ze-air conditioning, kanye ne-volute yama-turbines embonini yamandla emvula, njll.
Izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali, lapho kusetshenziswa isivinini esincane (ngaphansi kuka-200A) futhi kudingeka khona ikhwalithi ephezulu nokubukeka kwe-weld, njengezithuthuthu, izitsha zengcindezi embonini yamachemikhali, njll.
I-aluminium nama-alloys ayo, lapho kusetshenziswa isivinini esincane (ngaphansi kuka-200A) futhi kudingeka khona ikhwalithi ephezulu nokubukeka kwe-weld, njengezithuthuthu ezihambayo, izishintshi zengcindezi ephezulu, izimboni ze-air separation, njll.
Ithusi nama-alloys ayo, ithusi nama-alloys ayo ngokuyisisekelo asebenzisa i-Pulse MIG/MAG welding (ngaphakathi kobubanzi be-gas-shielded arc welding enomqeqeshi oncibilikayo).
Izinzuzo nezingozi zokushisela nge-MIG
I-MIG welding (ukugcoba nge-inert gas eshukumayo) iyindlela esebenzisa intambo yokugcoba eqhubekayo njenge-electrode, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa igesi engasebenzi (njenge-argon noma i-helium), ukuncibilikisa intambo nezinto eziyinhloko ngokusebenzisa i-arc eyakhiwa phakathi kwe-welding gun nozzle nomsebenzi, ukuze kufezeke ukuxhunyaniswa kwezinsimbi. Ngesikhathi se-MIG welding, igesi yokuvikela ivimbela umoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen emoyeni ukuthi kungangeni endaweni yokugcoba, iqinisekise ikhwalithi yokugcoba.
1. Isimiso esiyisisekelo se-MIG welding
Isimiso esiyisisekelo se-MIG welding ukuncibilikisa intambo nezinto eziyinhloko ngokusebenzisa i-arc eyakhiwa phakathi kwe-welding gun nozzle nomsebenzi. Igesi yokuvikela (ngokuvamile igesi engasebenzi) ihlanganisa indawo yokugcoba, ivimbela ukubola nokubola kwe-nitrogen, iqinisekise ikhwalithi ye-weld. Intambo iqhubeka nokudluliswa ngomshini wokudlulisa intambo, incibilika kanye nezinto eziyinhloko ukwakha i-weld.
2. Izici ze-MIG welding
Inqubo yokugcoba izinzile: I-arc ye-MIG welding izinzile, futhi akukho ukuchaphaza okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokugcoba, futhi ukwakheka kwe-weld kuhle.
Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu: Kusetshenziswa intambo eqhubeka nokudluliswa, isivinini sokugcoba siyashesha, futhi ukukhiqiza okuphezulu.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okunamandla: Kungagcobisa izinsimbi ezinezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene nobukhulu nezinto ezahlukene, futhi amandla okuxhuma okugcobi aphezulu, futhi ikhwalithi ithembekile.
Ukusebenza okulula: Imishini ilula kakhulu, futhi kulula ukuyiqonda.
Ikhwalithi yokugcoba enhle: Igesi yokuvikela inciphisa ukubola nokubola kwe-nitrogen ngesikhathi sokugcoba, iqinisekisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nokusebenza komshini kwe-weld.
Ukuhlanekezela okuncane kokugcoba: Okokufaka okushisayo kungaphansi, futhi ukuhlanekezela komsebenzi kungaphansi.
Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinto: Intambo eqhubeka nokudluliswa isetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi ukuchitha izinto kungaphansi.
3. Izimo zokusebenzisa i-MIG welding
I-MIG welding isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zensimbi, futhi ifanelekele ikakhulukazi ekwenzeni izimoto, ukwakha imikhumbi, izakhiwo zezakhiwo, njll. Ngenxa yezici zayo eziphumelelayo nezizinzile, i-MIG welding idlala indima ebalulekile kulezi zindawo.
Izinzuzo Nezinzuzo ze-MAG Welding Machine
I-MAG Welding (Metal Active Gas Welding) yindlela ejwayelekile yokushisela nge-arc, esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokukhiqiza, ukulungiswa kwezimoto, ezokwakha, nezinye izindawo.
1. Isisekelo se-MAG Welding
Incazelo: I-MAG Welding isebenzisa igesi esebenzayo (njenge-CO₂ noma igesi exubile) njengendawo yokuvikela, ngokusebenzisa i-arc ukuncibilikisa intambo yokushisela nensimbi eyinhloko ukuze kuxhunyaniswe izinsimbi.
Umehluko ne-MIG: I-MIG (Inert Gas Shielded Welding) isebenzisa igesi engasebenzi (njenge-argon, i-helium), kanti i-MAG isebenzisa igesi esebenzayo (njenge-CO₂ noma i-Ar+CO₂ exubile), igesi esebenzayo ibamba iqhaza ekuphekeni kwensimbi, ilungele ukushisela insimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi ye-low-alloy, njll.
2. Izingxenye ze-MAG Welding Machine
Ukuphakela Amandla: Kuhlinzeka ngamandla acwebileyo noma apulisiweyo.
Uhlelo Lokudlulisa Intambo: Ludlulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo intambo yokushisela (intambo eqinile noma eyenziwe ngomgodi).
Isibhamu Sokushisela: Sidlulisa ugesi, igesi yokuvikela, nentambo yokushisela.
Isilinda Segesi kanye Nesilawuli: Kuhlinzeka futhi kulawula ukugeleza kwegesi yokuvikela.
Uhlelo Lokulawula: Kulungisa amapharamitha okushisela (amandla, amandla kagesi, isivinini sokudlulisa intambo, njll.).
3. Inqubo Yokusebenza
Ukwakheka kwe-Arc: Intambo yokushisela ithinta umsebenzi ukuze yakhe i-arc, yakhe ichibi elishisayo.
Ukuvikelwa NgokweGesi: Igesi esebenzayo iphuma kumphimbo wesibhamu sokushisela, ivimbele umoya, ivimbele ukugqwala.
Ukudluliswa Kwamaconsi: Ngemuva kokuncibilika, intambo yokushisela ingena echibini lokuncibilika ngezindlela ezifana nokudluliswa okufushane, ukudluliswa okubanzi.
4. Izici ze-MAG Welding
Izinzuzo:
Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu: Ukudluliswa okuqhubekayo kwentambo, kulungele ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuphezulu: Izinto eziningi zingashiselwa (insimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi ye-alloy, njll.).
Ikhwalithi enhle yokushisela: Ukungena okujulile, ukufafaza okulawulwayo (ikakhulukazi igesi exubile).
Izindleko eziphansi: Amagesi asebenzayo (njenge-CO₂) angabizi kakhulu kunamagesi angasebenzi.
Ukungalungi:
Ukuzwela emoyeni: Kudingeka ukuthi kusebenze endaweni engenamoya.
Ukufafaza okuningi (lapho kusetshenziswa igesi eyodwa ye-CO₂).
5. Izindawo Zokusebenzisa
Ukukhiqiza: Ukushisela imizimba yezimoto, izingxenye zezakhiwo zemishini.
Ukwakha: Ukushisela izakhiwo zensimbi, amabhuloho, nemibhobho.
Imikhumbi Nezinsimbi Ezisindayo: Ukushisela izindonga ezijiyile.
Ukulungisa: Ukulungisa imishini, izimoto.
6. Ukukhethwa Kwegesi Yokuvikela
Igesi ye-CO₂ ehlanzekile: Izindleko eziphansi, ilungele insimbi yekhabhoni, kodwa ukufafaza kuningi.
Igesi exubile (njenge-Ar+CO₂ 80/20 noma i-Ar+O₂): Yehlisa ukufafaza, ithuthukise ukwakheka komthungo wokushisela.
Ilungele ukushisela okufunwa kakhulu ikhwalithi (njenge-stainless steel, izindonga ezincane).
7. Amanothi Okusebenza
Izinyathelo Zokuvikela: Gqoka isigqoko sokushisela, amagilavu, ukuvimbela ukukhanya kwe-arc nokufafaza.
Ukuhlolwa Kwamagesi: Qinisekisa ukuthi ingcindezi yesilinda segesi yanele, nokuthi ubumsulwa begesi bufinyelela amazinga.
Ukulungiswa Kwamapharamitha: Lungisa amandla, amandla kagesi ngokuya ngobukhulu bezinto kanye nobubanzi bentambo yokushisela.
Ukuhlanza Umsebenzi: Susa uwoyela, izimpawu zokugqwala ngaphambi kokushisela, ukuze ugweme izimbobo.
Ukugcinwa: Hlanza njalo umphimbo wesibhamu sokushisela, hlola umgodi wokudlulisa intambo.
8. Izinkinga Ezijwayelekile Nokuxazululwa Kwazo
Izimbobo: Hlola ukugeleza kwegesi, ubumsulwa, noma ubumsulwa bomsebenzi.
Ukufafaza Okuningi: Lungisa ukufaniswa kwamandla kagesi/amandla, sebenzisa igesi exubile.
I-Arc Engazinzile: Hlola ukuthi intambo yokushisela iyadlulisa yini kahle noma ukuthi ukuxhumana komhlaba kuhle yini.
Ukunamathela Kwentambo Yokushisela: Lungisa isivinini sokudlulisa intambo noma isimo sokuxhumana.
9. Izincomo Zokukhetha
Uhlobo Lwezinto: Khetha i-CO₂ noma i-Ar+CO₂ yensimbi yekhabhoni, khetha i-Ar+O₂ exubile yensimbi engagqwali.
Ubukhulu Bokushisela: Izindonga ezincane (0.6-3mm) zisebenzisa ukudluliswa okufushane, izindonga ezijiyile zisebenzisa ukudluliswa okubanzi.
Izidingo Zesimo: Khetha imodeli enembayo ephezulu yokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo, khetha eyokuphathwa ezindaweni zokulungisa.
Isifinyezo
I-MAG Welding Machine, ngenxa yezici zayo ezisebenza kahle neziyaguquguqukayo, isibe ngesinye sezindlela ezidumile zokushisela zesimanje. Ukwazi izimiso zayo, ukukhethwa kwegesi, namasu okusebenza kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kokushisela. Ekusebenziseni kwangempela, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa izici zezinto nezidingo zenqubo, ukulungisa amapharamitha nokucushwa kwemishini ngokufanele.
Indlela eyisisekelo yokusebenzisa umshini wokushisela
Izindlela zokusebenzisa umshini wokushisela zihlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
1. Xhuma ugesi: Xhuma umshini wokushisela kugesi, vula iswishi bese uvula isivalo somshini.
2. Lungisa izinto zokushisela: Faka intambo yokushisela enesikhungo, uyenze iqonde bese uyifaka kutubha yokudlulisela intambo, bese uyifaka kumshini wokudlulisela intambo, lungisa intambo ukuze iphume ngo-2-3 cm, bese uqondisa isibhamu sokushisela entanjeni bese ulungisa kancane i-engile.
3. Lungisa izilungiselelo: Xhuma iswishi yesibhamu sokushisela kanye ne-ground wire, khetha imodi yokushisela efanele, bese ulungisa ugesi, lapho ushisela amashidi amancane, yehlisa ugesi, kanti kumashidi amakhulu, yandisa ugesi.
4. Qala ukushisela: Cindezela iswishi ebomvu yesibhamu sokushisela, umshini uzoqala ukudlulisela intambo, lungisa intambo ukuze iphume ngo-0.5-1 cm, sebenzisa i-clip yocingo ukulungisa izinto zokushisela, bese ushisela amachashaza noma ushele.
5. Ipharamitha ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe zomshini wokushisela zihlanganisa:
I-voltage yokufaka enokulinganiselwa: I-voltage yokufaka enokulinganiselwa komshini wokushisela kufanele ihambisane nemithetho yomshini, ngokuvamile 220-380 volts.
Ugesi ophumayo enokulinganiselwa: Ububanzi bugesi ophumayo bomshini wokushisela buyehluka ngemodeli, ngokuvamile kusuka kumashumi ambalwa ama-ampere kuya kumakhulu ambalwa ama-ampere.
I-voltage yokushisela: I-voltage yokushisela yomshini wokushisela ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-20-40 volts, inani eliqondile lincike ohlotsheni lokushisela nezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Amandla: Amandla omshini wokushisela ngokuvamile asuka ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zama-kilowatt kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa zama-kilowatt, amandla amakhulu, amandla okushisela ayakhuphuka.
6. Izinga lokuvikela ukushisa: Izinga lokuvikela ukushisa komshini wokushisela lichaza ukuphepha nokuhlala kwawo isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile izinga le-B noma i-F.
7. Indlela yokupholisa: Izindlela zokupholisa zomshini wokushisela zimbili, ukupholisa ngomoya nokupholisa ngamanzi, ukupholisa ngomoya kufaneleka emishini yokushisela emincane, ukupholisa ngamanzi kufaneleka emishini yokushisela enkulu.
8. Imigomo yokusebenza ngokuphepha:
Izinyathelo zokuvikela: Umshini wokushisela kufanele ubekwe endaweni eyomile, evikela ukushisa, futhi evikela ilanga, lapho usebenza ngaphandle, kufanele kube khona indawo yokukhosela evikela imvula, umswakama, nelanga.
 > Ukuvimbela umlilo nokuqhuma: Ngaphakathi kwamamitha angu-10 endaweni yokushisela, akumele kube nezinto ezivutha kalula noma eziqhumayo, futhi kufanele kube nemishini yokucisha umlilo.
 > Ukuxhuma emhlabeni: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-ground wire yomshini wokushisela iphephile, futhi akumele ibekwe ezintweni ezivutha kalula, eziqhumayo, noma ezishisayo.
 > Ukugqoka izinto zokuzivikela: Abasebenzi kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela njengoba kudingeka, ukuze bagweme izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi, ukuwa okuphakeme, njalo njalo.
Umbono wokuthuthukiswa kwezomshini wokushisela esikhathini esizayo ubhekwa njengowethemba.
1. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nedijithali, i-Internet of Things (IoT) kanye nokulawula ukude:
Gada imingcele yokushisela (amakhethini, amavoltheji, izinga lokushisa, njll.) ngesikhathi sangempela usebenzisa izinzwa, uhlanganise nokuhlaziywa kwedatha yamafu ukuze uthuthukise inqubo, usekele ukuqapha ukude kanye nezixwayiso zezinkinga.
2. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokulawula okuzivumelanisa nezimo:
Izindlela zobuhlakani bokwenziwa zingalungisa imingcele ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuya ngezinto ezishiseliwe kanye nemvelo, zinciphise ukungenelela komuntu futhi zithuthukise ukungaguquguquki kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela.
3. Ubuchwepheshe be-Digital Twin:
Linganisa inqubo yokushisela endaweni ebonakalayo, ubike izinkinga futhi uthuthukise imingcele yenqubo ukuze unciphise izindleko zokuzama nokuhluleka.
4. Imvelo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokonga amandla, umklamo wokusebenzisa amandla aphansi:
Sebenzisa izishintshi ze-high-frequency inverter kanye namadivayisi anamandla aphumelelayo (njenge-silicon carbide, i-gallium nitride) ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla nokuthuthukisa isilinganiso samandla.
5. Ukubuyiselwa kwegesi elingelona elibi kakhulu:
Thuthukisa izinqubo zokushisela ezine-spatter ephansi kanye nomusi ophansi, khuthaza amagesi angelona abangela umonakalo omkhulu (njengamagesi amasha ahlanganisiwe), futhi unciphise ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
6. Ukugaywa kabusha kwezinto:
Thuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokushisela obukhethekile bezinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe ukuze usekele umnotho oyindilinga.
7. Ukusebenza okuningi kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezinto, ukuhambisana kwezinqubo eziningi:
Iyunithi eyodwa isekela izindlela eziningi zokushisela, njenge-MAG/MIG/TIG/plasma, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zezinto kanye nezigameko.
8. Ukushisela izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu:
Thuthukisa imishini yokushisela nezinqubo ezikhethekile zezinto ezintsha ezifana ne-aluminum-lithium alloys, i-titanium alloys, insimbi enamandla aphezulu, njll., izinto ezihlanganisiwe.
9. Izicelo zemvelo ekugcineni:
Thuthukisa imishini ekhethekile yokushisela ekwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, imisebe, ngaphansi kwamanzi noma imvelo ye-vacuum (njengobuchwepheshe bokushisela esikhathini).
10. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-automation kanye ne-robotics, ama-robots abambisanayo (Cobots):
Ama-robots okushisela alula ahlanganiswe nokubambisana komuntu-nomshini athuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokuphepha, afanele ukukhiqizwa okuncane kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi.
11. Imigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo ngokugcwele:
Hlanganisa nama-robots ezimboni kanye ne-Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) ukuze ufeze izinqubo zokushisela ezingenawo umuntu, ukuthwala nokuhlola.
12. Umbono we-3D kanye nokuhlelwa komzila:
Zitholele indawo yokushisela ngokusebenzisa ukuskena kwe-laser kanye nokubonwa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, umzila wokushisela wenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, unciphisa isikhathi sokuhlela.
13. Izidingo zemakethe zishukumisa izimoto ezintsha zamandla:
Ukwanda kwezidingo zokushisela izindlu zebhethri, izinjini kanye nemizimba yezimoto ezingalula kakhulu kuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushisela okunembayo okuphezulu kanye nokuhlanekezela okuphansi.
14. Amandla avuselelekayo:
Izidingo zokushisela izakhiwo ezinkulu ezifana namaloli omoya, izisekelo ze-photovoltaic kanye namathangi okugcina i-hydrogen ziyanda.
15. Imboni yezindiza kanye neyempi:
Izidingo zokushisela izinto ezinamandla aphezulu kanye nokushisela okunembayo kuthuthukisa imakethe yemishini yokushisela ephezulu.
16. Ukwakhiwa kanye nengqalasizinda:
Ukuduma kwezakhiwo ezakhiwe ngamamojula kanye namabhuloho ensimbi kuthuthukisa isidingo semishini yokushisela ephathekayo nenamandla.
17. Ukubambisana kwe-chain yokuhlinzeka:
Abakhiqizi bemishini yokushisela basebenzisana eduze nezinkampani zezinto zokwakha, izinzwa kanye ne-robotics ukudala imvelo yokushisela ehlakaniphile.
18. Imboni yemishini yokushisela izobonisa izitayela ezintathu ezinkulu: eziphakeme, ezihlakaniphile, nezilungele imvelo:
Isikhathi esifushane (iminyaka 3-5): Ukungena kwemishini yokushisela ehlakaniphile kuyanda, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokushisela nge-gas eyinhlanganisela buyathandwa.
Isikhathi esimaphakathi (iminyaka 5-10): Ama-robots okushisela aba yizinga lomkhakha, futhi ukushisela okuzivumelanisa nezimo kwe-AI kusetshenziswa kabanzi.
Isikhathi eside (iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10): Ukuphumelela kuzofezwa ezindaweni ezintsha ezifana nokushisela esikhathini kanye nokushisela izinto ezihambisana ne-biocompatible.
Isifinyezo
Ikusasa lemishini yokushisela kagesi libanzi, futhi ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezidingo zemakethe kuzobashukumisela ekubeni bahlakaniphe kakhulu, babe nekhono elingcono lemvelo, futhi basebenze kahle kakhulu. Izinkampani kudingeka zibambe amathuba e-Industry 4.0 kanye ne-carbon neutrality, ziqede izinkinga zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko, zigxile ezingeni lomhlaba kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabantu ukuze zithole inzuzo emncintiswaneni womhlaba.
Ukwenzeka kokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kwe-welding
Ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi kwe-welding kuyenzeka ngokuphelele, futhi sekusetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zangempela.
1. Ukusetshenziswa kokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi ku-welding Ukudluliswa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela, ngokusebenzisa i-IoT network card, amarobhothi okuhlakaniphile okuhlanganisa angadlulisela idatha yesikhathi sangempela (njengamanje, amandla kagesi, isivinini sokuhlanganisa, njll.) lapho kuhlanganiswa efwini noma esikhungweni sedatha esibekiwe. Lolu data lusiza abaphathi ukuthi babheke isimo somsebenzi wamarobhothi akude futhi baqinisekise ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa.
2. Ukuqapha nokulawula okukude, ngosizo lwe-IoT network card, abasebenzisi bangalawula amarobhothi okuhlanganisa akude ngokusebenzisa iziphetho, njengamafoni namakhompyutha, okwenza ukuthi ukuhlela nokulawulwa kwemisebenzi kube lula. Lokhu akugcini ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bokusebenza endaweni.
3. Ukuxilongwa kwezinkinga kanye nezixwayiso, i-IoT network card isekela ukuxilongwa kwezinkinga ezikude kanye nemisebenzi yokuxwayisa. Lapho amarobhothi okuhlanganisa enezinkinga noma izimo ezingajwayelekile, uhlelo lungasabela ngokushesha futhi ludlulisele ulwazi lwezinkinga esiphethweni sabaphathi nge-IoT network card, ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo zokulungisa ngesikhathi.
4. Ukuhlela okuhlakaniphile nokwenza kahle, ngokusebenzisa i-IoT network card, amarobhothi amaningi okuhlanganisa angasebenza ngokubambisana, alungise ngokuzenzakalelayo isivinini somsebenzi nokwabiwa kwemisebenzi ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela zomugqa wokukhiqiza, ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ukusebenza kokukhiqiza.
5. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kokukhiqiza ngokuxhumana kwe-inthanethi ku-welding, i-IoT network card ivumela amarobhothi okuhlanganisa ukuthi adlulisele idatha yesikhathi sangempela futhi athole imiyalelo ekude, ukuze kufezeke ukuhlela okukhiqiza okusebenza kahle kakhudlwana nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi.
6. Ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa, ngokwesiko, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwamarobhothi okuhlanganisa kudinga ukusebenza mathupha endaweni, okuyinto edla isikhathi futhi idinga abasebenzi abaningi. Ngosizo lwe-IoT network card, abaphathi bangaxilonga izinkinga ezikude, bavuselele isofthiwe, futhi balungise ukucushwa kwamarobhothi, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa.
7. Ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha, i-IoT network card isekela imisebenzi yokuqapha nokulawula ekude, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenze futhi babheke amarobhothi okuhlanganisa ukusuka kubude obuphephile, kunciphisa ubungozi bokusebenza endaweni.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-CO2, i-MIG/MAG, ne-Pulse MIG/MAG
Umqondo nezigaba ze-Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) enomqeqeshi oncibilikayo
Indlela yokushisela nge-arc esebenzisa umqeqeshi oncibilikayo, igesi eyengeziwe njengomkhulumeli we-arc, futhi ivikela amaconsa ensimbi ancibilikile, i-weld pool, kanye nensimbi eshisayo endaweni yokushisela, ibizwa nge-Gas Metal Arc Welding enomqeqeshi oncibilikayo. Ngokuya ngezinto zocingo lokushisela kanye negesi yokuvikela, ingahlukaniswa izindlela ezilandelayo:
1. Ngokwezinhlobo zocingo lokushisela, kungahlukaniswa kube ukushisela ngocingo oluqinile kanye nokushisela ngocingo olune-flux.
Indlela yokushisela nge-arc esebenzisa ucingo oluqinile oluvikelwe igesi engathathi hlangothi (i-Ar noma i-He) ibizwa nge-MIG welding (Metal Inert Gas Arc Welding).
Ukushisela nge-arc okusebenzisa ucingo oluqinile oluvikelwe igesi exubile enothe nge-argon, ibizwa nge-MAG welding (Metal Active Gas Arc Welding).
Ukushisela nge-arc okusebenzisa ucingo oluqinile oluvikelwe igesi ye-CO2, ibizwa nge-CO2 welding.
Lapho kusetshenziswa ucingo olune-flux, ukushisela nge-arc okusebenzisa i-CO2 noma i-CO2+Ar njengegesi yokuvikela ibizwa nge-flux-cored wire gas shielded arc welding. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ingasebenzisi igesi yokuvikela, le ndlela ibizwa nge-self-shielded arc welding.
2. Umehluko phakathi kwe-MIG/MAG welding evamile kanye ne-CO2 welding.
Izici ze-CO2 welding ukuthi ingabizi futhi inokukhiqiza okuphezulu, kodwa inezinkinga zokufafaza okuningi kanye nokwakheka okubi, ngakho-ke ezinye izinqubo zokushisela zisebenzisa i-MIG/MAG welding evamile.
I-MIG/MAG welding evamile iyindlela yokushisela nge-arc evikelwe igesi engathathi hlangothi noma igesi enothe nge-argon, kanti i-CO2 welding inokubola okunamandla, lokhu kunquma umehluko nezici zazo zombili.
3. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-MIG/MAG welding uma kuqhathaniswa ne-CO2 welding.
Ukufafaza kuncishiswe ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwegesi ye-argon noma enothe nge-argon, i-arc yokushisela izinzile. Hhayi kuphela ukuthi i-arc izinzile ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kweconsi kanye nokudluliswa komjovo, kodwa futhi nasezimweni zokudluliswa kwe-short-circuit ku-MAG welding encane, isivinini sokudluliswa kwe-arc sivame ukuba sincane, ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekisa ukuncishiswa kokufafaza ku-MIG/MAG welding short-circuit transition ngo-50% noma ngaphezulu.
Ukwakheka kwe-weld kuyafana futhi kuhle. Ngenxa yokuthi ukudluliswa kweconsi ku-MIG/MAG welding kuyahambisana, kuyancane, futhi kuzinzile, ukwakheka kwe-weld kuyahambisana futhi kuhle.
Kungashisela izinsimbi eziningi ezisebenzayo nama-alloys azo. Umoya we-arc awuboli kakhulu, noma awuboli nhlobo. I-MIG/MAG welding ayikwazi ukushisela kuphela insimbi ye-carbon, insimbi ye-high-alloy, kodwa futhi ingashisela izinsimbi eziningi ezisebenzayo nama-alloys azo, njenge: i-aluminium nama-alloys ayo, insimbi engagqwali nama-alloys ayo, i-magnesium nama-alloys ayo, njll., okwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-welding, ikhwalithi yokushisela, kanye nokukhiqiza.
4. Umehluko phakathi kwe-Pulse MIG/MAG welding kanye ne-MIG/MAG welding evamile.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokudluliswa kweconsi ku-MIG/MAG welding evamile ukudluliswa komjovo ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nokudluliswa kwe-short-circuit ngesivinini esincane. Ngakho-ke, isivinini esincane sisenezinkinga zokufafaza okuningi nokwakheka okubi, ikakhulukazi ezinye izinsimbi ezisebenzayo azikwazi ukushisela ngesivinini esincane njenge-aluminium nama-alloys, insimbi engagqwali, njll. Ngakho-ke, kwavela i-Pulse MIG/MAG welding, lapho isici sokudluliswa kweconsi ukuthi isivinini ngasinye siyadlulisela elinye ilanga. Ngokuyisisekelo, lokhu ukudluliswa kweconsi.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokudluliswa kweconsi ku-Pulse MIG/MAG welding ukuthi isivinini ngasinye sidlulisela elinye ilanga. Ngale ndlela, ngokulungisa imvamisa yesivinini, inombolo yamaconsa adluliswa ngomzuzwana ingashintshwa, okungukuthi, isivinini sokuncibilika kocingo. Ngenxa yokudluliswa kweconsi elilodwa nge-pulse ngayinye, ububanzi beconsi cishe buyafana nobubanzi bocingo, ngakho-ke ukushisa kwe-arc kweconsi kuba ngaphansi, okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa leconsi liphansi (uma kuqhathaniswa nokudluliswa komjovo nokudluliswa kweconsi elikhulu). Ngakho-ke, isivinini sokuncibilika kocingo siyanda, okungukuthi, ukusebenza kokuncibilika kocingo kuyanda. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa leconsi liphansi, intuthu yokushisela iba ngaphansi. Ngale ndlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulahleka kwezinto ze-alloy kuncishiswa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imvelo yokwakha iyathuthuka. Ukufafaza kokushisela kuba ngaphansi, noma kungabi khona neze ukufafaza. I-arc inokubhekiswa okuhle, ilungele ukushisela kuzo zonke izikhundla. Ukwakheka kwe-weld kuhle, ububanzi bokuncibilika bukhulu, isici sokujula okufana nezinzwane siyancipha, futhi ukuphakama okusele kuba ngaphansi. Kungashisela kahle izinsimbi ezisebenzayo (njenge-aluminium nama-alloys ayo) ngesivinini esincane. Kwandisa ububanzi besivinini sokusetshenziswa kwe-MIG/MAG welding jet transition. Ngesikhathi sokushisela kwe-pulse, isivinini sokushisela singasetshenziswa kusukela eduze kwesivinini esibucayi sokudluliswa komjovo kuya kusivinini esikhulu samashumi ambalwa amperes, lapho ukudluliswa kweconsi okuzinzile kungafinyelelwa.
5. Kusukela kulokhu okungenhla, singabona izici nezinzuzo ze-Pulse MIG/MAG. Kodwa-ke, akukho lutho oluphelele. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-MIG/MAG evamile, ukushiyeka kwayo kulandelayo:
Ukukhiqiza okujwayelekile kokushisela kuvame ukuzwakala kancane.
Kufuna izinga eliphezulu labasebenzi bokushisela.
Okwamanje, izindleko zemishini yokushisela ziphakeme.
6. Ukukhethwa kwe-Pulse MIG/MAG welding kunqunywa ikakhulukazi izidingo zenqubo yokushisela. Ukushisela okulandelayo kufanele kusetshenziswe i-Pulse MIG/MAG welding.
Izinhlobo zensimbi ye-carbon, lapho kudingeka khona ikhwalithi ephezulu nokubukeka kwe-weld, ikakhulukazi embonini yezitsha zengcindezi, njengezimbiza, izishintshi ezishisayo zamakhemikhali, izishintshi ezishisayo ze-air conditioning, kanye ne-volute yama-turbines embonini yamandla emvula, njll.
Izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali, lapho kusetshenziswa isivinini esincane (ngaphansi kuka-200A) futhi kudingeka khona ikhwalithi ephezulu nokubukeka kwe-weld, njengezithuthuthu, izitsha zengcindezi embonini yamachemikhali, njll.
I-aluminium nama-alloys ayo, lapho kusetshenziswa isivinini esincane (ngaphansi kuka-200A) futhi kudingeka khona ikhwalithi ephezulu nokubukeka kwe-weld, njengezithuthuthu ezihambayo, izishintshi zengcindezi ephezulu, izimboni ze-air separation, njll.
Ithusi nama-alloys ayo, ithusi nama-alloys ayo ngokuyisisekelo asebenzisa i-Pulse MIG/MAG welding (ngaphakathi kobubanzi be-gas-shielded arc welding enomqeqeshi oncibilikayo).